Display a TopMost System Modal Message Box With Delphi

Display a TopMost System Modal Message Box With Delphi With desktop (Windows) applications, a message (dialog) box is used to alert the user of the application that some action needs to be taken, that some operation was completed or, in general, to get users attention. In Delphi, there are several ways of displaying a message to the user. You can either use any of the ready-made message displaying routines provided in the RTL, like  ShowMessage or InputBox; or you can create your own dialog box (for reuse): CreateMessageDialog. A common problem with all the above dialog boxes is that they require the application to be active to be displayed to the user. Active refers to when your application has the input focus. If you really want to grab the users attention and stop them from doing anything else, you need to be able to display a system-modal topmost message box even when your application is not active. System-Modal Top Most Message Box Even though this might sound complicated, in actuality it really is not. Since Delphi can easily access most of the Windows API calls, executing the MessageBox Windows API function will do the trick. Defined in the windows.pas unit the one included by default in the uses clause of every Delphi form, the MessageBox function creates, displays, and operates a message box. The message box contains an application-defined message and title, along with any combination of predefined icons and push buttons. Heres how the MessageBox is declared: function MessageBox(  Ã‚  hWnd: HWND;  Ã‚  lpText,  Ã‚  lpCaption : PAnsiChar;  Ã‚  uType : Cardinal) : integer; The first parameter, hwnd, is the handle of the owner window of the message box to be created. if you create a message box while a dialog box is present, use a handle to the dialog box as the hWnd parameter. The lpText and lpCaption specify the caption and the message text that is displayed in the message box. Last is the uType parameter  and is the most interesting. This parameter specifies the contents and behavior of the dialog box. This parameter can be a combination of various flags. Example: System Modal Warning Box When the System Date/Time Changes Lets take a look at an example of creating a system modal topmost message box. Youll  handle the Windows message that is dispatched to all the running applications when the system date/time changes- for example using the Date and Time Properties Control Panel applet. The MessageBox function will be called as:   Ã‚  Windows.MessageBox(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handle,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a system modal message#13#10from an inactive application,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A message from an inactive application!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST or MB_ICONHAND) ; The most important piece is the last parameter. The MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST ensures the message box is system modal, top most and becomes the foreground window. MB_SYSTEMMODAL flag ensures that the user must respond to the message box before continuing work in the window identified by the hWnd parameter.MB_TOPMOST flag specifies that the message box should be placed above all non-topmost windows and should stay above them, even when the window is deactivated.MB_SETFOREGROUND flag ensures that the message box becomes the foreground window. Here is the full example code (TForm named Form1 defined in unit unit1): unit Unit1;interface ​ uses   Ã‚  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes,   Ã‚  Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls; type   Ã‚  TForm1 class(TForm)  Ã‚  private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure WMTimeChange(var Msg: TMessage) ; message WM_TIMECHANGE;  Ã‚  public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  { Public declarations }   Ã‚  end;var   Ã‚  Form1: TForm1; implementation{$R *.dfm} procedure TForm1.WMTimeChange(var Msg: TMessage) ;begin   Ã‚  Windows.MessageBox(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handle,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a system modal message#13#10from an inactive application,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A message from an inactive application!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MB_SYSTEMMODAL or MB_SETFOREGROUND or MB_TOPMOST or MB_ICONHAND) ;end;end. Try running this simple application. Make sure the application is minimized or at least that some other application is active. Run the Date and Time Properties Control Panel applet and change the system time. As soon as you hit the Ok button (on the applet) the system modal topmost message box from your inactive application will be displayed.

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;Of Mice and Men#8221; by John Steinbeck

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;Of Mice and Men#8221; by John Steinbeck This essay is devoted to such prominent masterpiece as Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. A hero by definition is a person admired for certain qualities and achievements. Among these qualities are courage, bravery, and an intense care for others. These are heroic qualities because without courage, you cannot stand up for yourself or other people and what you believe is right. You must have bravery to put your beliefs into action, and you must care for others because A hero does not become a hero because he has a cape or special powers; he is a hero because of his heroic qualities. For example, a firefighter can be looked upon as a hero because of his courage and fearlessness because of the risks he takes to save people. A soldier personifies a hero because of his pride and care for what he is fighting for. In Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George is a man who is clever and very ambitious. But among the problems in his way of becoming successful is his mentally challenged friend Lennie. Wherever they both set down to work, Lennie always seems to get into trouble and they have to leave to find more work. In a town called Weed where George and Lennie worked before going to the ranch, Lennie was accused of harassing a girl just because he wanted to touch her dress and wouldn’t let go. They had to flee from the town and find work elsewhere. George knows that he could find work and be much better off without Lennie, but he is faithful to his friend because he promised to take care of him. I believe that George is a hero because of his faithfulness to Lennie no matter what kind of trouble Lennie gets into. George looks after Lennie and takes him wherever he goes. George says in chapter 1 â€Å"I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail.† George later cautions Lennie to stay away from Curley, to keep Lennie safe and out of trouble. Deep down I believe George knows that something is bound to happen that will get both himself and Lennie into hot water. Although George knows he could be better off and maybe even accomplish his goal of owning his own land and having his own things, his care for Lennie remains constant throughout the book. This is George’s most heroic quality. Even up until the turning point of the book when George chooses Lennie’s fate, he knows that killing him would be better for Lennie rather than having him suffer under speculation and accusations. Even though George sometimes gets fed up with havin g to always watch out for his slow friend, I think that George is glad to have someone there that depends on him as much as Lennie does. George feels important because he has someone who totally relies on him. Lennie sees George as a hero because he is smarter, cares for him, and has dreams and goals that Lennie is sure George can accomplish. In Lennie’s eyes, George can do no wrong. Lennie depends on his friend to take care of him, console him, and try to keep him out of trouble. Lennie is almost fully dependent on George. I think that without George, Lennie would sometime meet a problem that he couldn’t solve or escape on his own, and he would eventually be in a situation resulting in a bad ending. George becomes a hero to Candy when he lets him in on the dream and makes it real to him as well. This isn’t something that is heroic about George, but he is the only person that Candy has ever known to have goals and plans to accomplish them. George becomes a hero to Slim when he puts everything aside to save Lennie, even if it means killing him. Slim knows the story about Lennie getting into trouble in Weed, and he understands that Lennie needs constant care. Slim has a great amount of respect for George when he realizes all of the sacrifices he has had to make to take responsibility for Lennie. He later gains a greater respect for George when he takes Lennie’s fate into his own hands. I think Slim is one of the only ones throughout the book that understands George and his reasoning for killing his friend. I disagree with Steinbeck’s comment that â€Å"only heroes are worth writing about†. If only heroes were worth writing about, there would be no Lennie, no Candy, or any other characters. If there were no other characters and just the hero, there wouldn’t be much of a story. If every person was a hero, every person would be the same and no one would be a hero at all. It takes an average character to elevate another person to a heroic status. Of Mice and Men is a story of dreams, hard reality, and tragedy. Steinbeck’s portrayal of a hero is shown throughout the novel. Even though everyone subconsciously knows that George’s dream is an unrealistic goal, they still put everything they have into making it real. George has no supernatural powers or cape. His faithfulness, compassion, and respectable character are all qualities that make him a hero.

Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report - Assignment Example The four year court battle resulted into a hefty $1.5bn dollar penalty to the affected regulators in the US, UK and Switzerland. It is against this backdrop of failures by such financial institutions entrusted with this critical role that this report is compiled. The scope of this report is to try and quantify the effect of risk attitude on company performance indicators and the impact this may have on their perceived change of attitude (Shotter, 2012). To achieve this goal, Chief executive officers (CEOs) of large financial institutions in the City of London were asked to fill in a questionnaire aimed at assessing their attitude towards risks. The so called large financial institutions were those listed in The Financial Times as so, based on the size of their workforce. Data Primary data was collected from 100 CEOs where their responses on the questionnaire were scored out of 30 -one being the most conservative towards risks and 30 being the highest risk assessment. Baseline informa tion provided the secondary data for the same set of financial institutions, gathered from two articles published in 2007 and in 2009 that had measured the risks in these same institutions. Data on three additional variables was also collected in order to assess the volatility in performance of the companies. Table 1 summarizes the variables of interest for this analysis. Table 1: Variables description Variable Description RISKATT_AFTER CEOs questionnaire score RISKATT_BEFORE Baseline data from publications MAX_SHARE The maximum share price of the company in the last 30 days MIN_SHARE The minimum share price of the company in the last 30 days SD_SHARE The standard deviation of the share prices of the company in the last 30 days Objectives With this information, we sought to answer the following objectives: 1) To assess the change of CEOs attitude towards risk before and after the UBS bank scandal 2) To quantify the correlation (if any) between the companies’ risk attitudes an d their volatility. Methodology In seeking to meet the above set objectives, statistical analysis tools were applied. In particular SPSS statistical software version 20 was used for the analysis. Moreover, the nature of the data was taken into account in choosing the methodology to use. For instance, for the first objective, we wished to assess the difference in risk assessment before and after the UBS bank scandal. The data was collected from the same companies hence forming dependent pairs. For this objective therefore, an appropriate test was the paired t-test. For the second objective, an extra variable coded as the SHARE_RANGE was derived by getting the range in the company’s share price for the past 30 days. This was to be used as a predictor for a regression model. Scatter plot matrices as well as Pearson’s correlation estimates were obtained as a guide to assessing the linear relation between the variables of interest and where appropriate, linear regression mo dels were fit and the necessary diagnostics performed. Results Results of performing a paired t-test on the companies’ score on risk assessment before and after the UBS bank scandal are summarized in the following section. To begin with, a

Information Technology infrastructure for businesses Essay

Information Technology infrastructure for businesses - Essay Example Moreover, which would be the needs of such plan, meaning especially the people, organization and technology issues related to the specific business initiatives. Also, the implications of choosing hardware and software for the IT systems of a particular organization would be taken into consideration by the organization’s managers at an early stage, i.e. while planning the specific project, aiming to limit the chances of a potential failure. Choosing hardware and software for the organization can be a critical decision. IT systems have a key role in the development of each firm’s operations. However, their involvement in daily organizational activities can be differentiated across firms in accordance with the sector in which the firm operates, the business culture and the funds available for the support of the organization’s IT infrastructure. ... At the same time, choosing the appropriate hardware and software could affect the development of the organization; a highly performing IT system can result to the increase of the quality of customer services and the improvement of communication – exchange of information – across the organization; in other words, an effective IT system can lead to the increase of organizational performance offering to the organization a competitive advantage towards its rivals. However, in order for the above choice to be successful, it is necessary for certain people, organization and technology issues to be taken into consideration. More specifically, the managers involved in the specific decision have to ensure that the organization’s employees have the skills and capabilities required for handling the chosen software and hardware. Without the appropriately skilled staff, the new hardware and software would be of no value for the organization. Of course, it would be possible fo r the organization’s employees to be trained accordingly – a scheme which would be necessary in any case, under the terms that the chosen software and hardware would have specific requirements and the firm’s employees could not be aware of all of them (Kangas 2003). At the next level, it is required that the technology chosen to be compatible with the firm’s existing IT systems; if the replacement of the firm’s IT network is decided, then it would be made sure that the chosen hardware and software could cooperate – for example, a common operational environment would be chosen for the firm’s computers. Moreover, the cost of the software/ hardware chosen should be taken into consideration; this cost would include: the cost of the system’s

Technology and Disadvantages Essay Example for Free

Technology and Disadvantages Essay It is quite impossible to think of a life without technologies and gadgets. Technology can be defined as a process with the help of which human beings modify nature in order to meet their growing needs. Technology leads to innovations and inventions and one such invention is gadgets. There are so many varieties of gadgets that are designed to suit human needs. But the questions is, are there only advantages or there are disadvantages as well. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using new gadgets and technologies. Advantages of technologies and gadgets: The advantages of new technologies and gadgets are discussed in the following lines. 1. Higher profit: New technologies can benefit your business in a number of ways. You can get higher profits as new technologies increase work efficiency, which in turn, increases productivity. Moreover, fewer work forces are needed as new technologies can automate the work thus reducing the costs more. 2. Fast access to information: You can get quick access to information with the help of computer and internet, two of the most popular technology and gadget in the present times. The ‘search engines’ on the internet help you find information on any topic that you’re looking for. see more:technology makes us lazy 3. Increases communication: Gone are those days when you had to write letters in order to communicate with people staying far away. Nowadays, you can send e-mails and you get the reply within minutes. Moreover, you can also take help of ‘chat rooms’ to meet new people as well as to stay in touch with your old friends. 4. Speed up work: There are so many gadgets that help to speed up work. Right from household chores to office work, there are gadgets with the help of which you can increase your work efficiency. It helps you to do quite a number of things in relatively less time. Disadvantages of technologies and gadgets: The disadvantages of new technologies and gadgets are discussed below – 1. Online fraud: When you use internet for online transactions, there is always a possibility of being a victim of online fraud. As for example, impostors may steal your credit card information and use them for their own monetary gain. 2. Dependency on gadgets: People are becoming mechanical as they are getting more and dependent on gadgets. Nowadays, human beings cannot do a simple work without taking help of a gadget. 3. Integrating new technology: It is often difficult to take a business related decision about whether to buy the latest technology or wait for some new invention. Moreover, implementing new technology in a business can be quite expensive; therefore, you need to decide whether or not you actually need it. Above all, integrating a new technology in a business is quite a difficult task in itself. 4. Technology related diseases: Human beings are becoming addicted to the new technologies and gadgets, especially, internet and computers. Moreover, young people are getting more and more addicted to mobile phones. Many scientists believe that radiation from mobile phones may cause blurring vision, headaches and earaches and may be the reason of cancer, too. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are both advantages and disadvantages of using new technologies and gadgets and it depends on mankind how they want to use them. About the Author - Rodney Gordon has been working as a contributing author on various topics like- technologies and gadgets, arts and culture, search engine marketing, business and finance, education, entertainment, Internet, sports and leisure for about two years. n the current time people cant imagine their life without technology. Surrounding us various technologies are helping people to live their life with more luxury. The technology sector has changed and developed many products. The technology is providing many advantages but also it has some disadvantages. Here we will discuss about both. Advantages There are several advantages of technology like Easier life With technological machine people are getting help in every sector. Cars and bikes are helping people to reach anywhere quickly. Airplane and superfast trains have been reduced distance between cities and countries. Computer and internet are providing information in simplest way also it has changed way of communication. Now people are doing video conferencing and chatting to communicate with their friends and family used communication technology. Lesser Mistakes Machines are helping people to make lesser mistakes. Robots or machines are working accurately and you just need to program them with proper information. Like in production of any automotive most of manufacturing companies are using automatic machines which follow instruction of computer or that person who is operating the machine. And all work gets done perfectly. Save Time Technologies are saving our time, for an example you can flew anywhere in the world in lesser time. With computer you can do any work in lesser time and also it help to enhance quality and provide suggestions. Machines are helping people in kitchen too like Oven and these are also saving time. Disadvantages Every one knows that technology is very helpful but it has some disadvantages too. Because many companies have adopted automatic machines so that they can improve their production with accuracy. As a result many people lost their job. Similarly house maids are loosing their job because robotic machines are doing their job. Owner need to pay one time only while maid get paid for every month. However machines and robots look inexpensive and good to use but, when any technical problem occurs in machine or robot, it took much time to fix it and also it can be expensive. - As we found that in technology sector, there are many advantages and disadvantages, even then people cant imagine their life without technology including me. What are the advantage and disadvantages of technology in our daily lives? Answer: Simple Question. Simple Answer. The Advantage is really convenience think about it, how convenient is it to whack on the TV in the morning, see whats happening around the world, then 20 minutes later go on your computer and have and have a twitter session, and read all your emails from friends around the world. - The Disadvantage is that technology is dominating everything. Soon posting mail would be a thing of the past. CNC machines (robots) would take over peoples jobs in making things, etc. Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology The development and spread of various technologies has become synonymous with the level of prosperity in a particular place. In economics, technology is one of the major factors that determine the growth and potential in the production process. It is also a basis for distinguishing between developed and developing countries and the advancement of technology is considered an essential factor to a country’s progress. The importance of technology in the world today cannot be stressed upon enough, which leads us to a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of technology. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines technology as the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area such as engineering or medicine. A more comprehensive view of this concept can be grasped from the Wiki definition of technology – â€Å"the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function†. Ever since pre historic times, humans have been applying their knowledge in ways that would make life easier for mankind as a whole. We have come a long way since the discovery of fire and invention of the wheel, and there is no stopping the advance of the technological age. It has permeated every aspect of our lives from the alarm clock that wakes us up in the morning to toaster ovens and nuclear reactors. The advantages and disadvantages of technology are of great relevance due to the huge role that technology plays in our lives today. Technology and Economics Noted economists such as Adam Smith and Schumpeter have recognised the great significance of technology in the development of nations and creation of business cycles. The Schumpeterian school of thought which advocates the theory of â€Å"creative destruction† stresses on the importance of innovation and technological advances in bringing about the end of the old ways and creating a new phase or business cycle in the economy. Keynesian economics also involves concepts of production per worker and total production levels in an economy, both of which are mainly affected by the technological prowess of the nation. It contributes in increasing the GDP of a nation which is well reflected in the high GDPs of developed countries which have access to the best technologies globally. The manufacturing (secondary sector) and service sectors (tertiary sector) are dependent completely on the technological progress of a nation. Although primary sectors of the economy like agriculture and an imal husbandry did not require a highly developed technological base, they are now accepting newer and better technologies which help in improving output. The efficiency and ease provided by technological innovations as simple as calculators to complex super fast computers, has made business transactions and cross continent interaction much easier and faster. These developments have completely changed the dynamics of business and manufacturing units. Multinational companies are sprouting up by the dozen due to the new possibilities made available by technological advancements. The quality of the entire manufacturing sector, which forms the backbone of the infrastructural and production units of an economy, is determined by the amount of technological knowledge available to the producers. This has been recognised by leading companies the world over who are constantly dedicating a larger portion of their funds to RD. Thus it is clear that the advantages and disadvantages of technology in this respect are quite one sided. The economic benefits of technology far outweigh any drawbacks. Technology has and will continue to play a significant role in spurring growth in economies. Technology and Culture The advent of new innovative products in our daily lives has redefined our cultures to a large extent. Hunting, riding and fishing as means of entertainment have given way to play stations, television and movie theatres. Almost every outdoor experience such as riding on horseback, swimming or jogging can now be replicated in the environ of our homes by a variety of gadgets and technologies. All in all, people today have adopted a more sedentary lifestyle thanks to the convenience provided by technological innovations. With a new iPad or computer operating system being developed every two months, people have enough to keep them occupied both in terms of work and leisure. Other aspects of our cultural lives such as communication and transportation have progressed to an extent that the world seems a much smaller place. Transatlantic journeys that would’ve taken several months to complete a century ago can now be covered in a matter of a few hours by air travel. These advantages o f technology are quite evident to us and it would be difficult to imagine life without them today. Advantages of smart technology are also prevalent in educational institutions and among students. For example use of laptop, desktop computers, iPad also prove beneficial to the students in their studies in many ways. Computer and net technology is a source of great wealth of knowledge. However, there are some seriously dangerous trends that have emerged due to the advancement of technology. Children spend increasingly more time watching television, playing video games or surfing the internet. Social networking sites, the newest phenomenon to hit online users, have claimed a significant number of victims, both young and old, who spend a large chunk of their time and energy on these sites. People find it easier to take shortcuts, for instance, university students can easily purchase services of writers who finish reports, assignments and even theses for a small fee. Thus in some ways procrastination and sedentary lifestyles are fast becoming popular among new generations. Technology and Society Technology has even changed the face of our societal norms and lifestyles today. Quality of life, especially in health and science, has been impacted quite strongly by the advent of the technological era. The increasing electrification, urbanisation, connectivity and closeness observed in different regions of the world have given a new dimension to standard of living. Healthcare has advanced fast due to the development of life saving drugs, eradication of numerous diseases, availability of cheap medicines etc which increases life expectancy and provides overall high standards of living. Advancements in science and technology as discussed earlier have altered various aspects of our lives making them indispensable. On the other hand problems like pollution, rising population, increased waste generation and destruction of wildlife which have emerged as direct consequences of technological advancements, put great pressure on the earth’s resources. These need to be dealt with carefully in order to have sustainable development. Resources need to be conserved for the benefit of future generations and currently one of the biggest disadvantages of technological progress is that it causes heightened resource usage. What does this all means ? Thus the advantages and disadvantages of technology are numerous and varied, but need to be observed carefully in order to utilise this knowledge advantageously. Technology has been a great boon to mankind but at the same time we must not be ignorant of the drawbacks generated by some of these developments. Many amazing strides in technology have been made since the beginning of civilization, and more are certain to be on the horizon. - Disadvantage Of Technology In Our Lives Question:advantage and disadvantage of modern technology in our lives Answers:Hello ! These are some disadvantages of technology : We always must be ready to receive company, we can hardly be really alone, we are always connected, As we can have every informations easily from home, we dont go to library, or we dont search what we want in shops, so we dont meet new people, It makes relationship very unpersonal, We have no choice but to buy cellular phones nowadays, even if its expensive, If want to be in the movement, you must have a mp3, etc Bye Answers:Advantage technology makes our lives easier Disadvantage Uses up natural resources at an unsustainable rate, degrades the natural environment Answers:The advantages: 1. Make our life simpler. 2. It helps us to organize our daily activities. 3. Our job can be done faster. 4. Easier to communicate with other people. 5. Helps us to know and understand other culture and society better. (and lots more) The disadvantages: 1. Can be e asily manipulated by irresponsible persons. 2. Well be too dependant on it. When technology fails, we r helpless (in one way or another). 3. Sometimes, it affects our health and lifestyles(well be complacent and lazy. The chemicals r hazardous). 4. It destroys our simple and healthy life(I miss the traditional style of living). 5. Invasion of our privacy. (and lots more) Question:What is tchnology ; its advantage and disadvantages in our modern living? Answers:Technology is the application of scientific advances to benefit humanity. There are many advantages and disadvantages if you think about it. For example, it is advantageous while allowing us to simplify and automate production, such as robotic car manufacturing. On the other hand, it can be disadvantageous once we start depending on the advancements. Also, think of all the jobs people have lost after being replaced by a machine Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in a Convent :Hi, Im Sister Norma Raupple from the Ursuline Sisters of Youngstown Todays Question is: What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in a Convent? A convent is a house where a group of Sisters share their lives and their space with each other. There is a chapel in the central part of the house because our relationship with God is the center of our lives. The convent where I live is in Cnfield, Ohio where there are 30 of us Ursuline Sisters living together. I see many more advantages for living in a convent than disadvantages: I have a spacious private room which looks out on the woods. I often enjoy the sunrise from my window. At the same time, I enjoy the presence and interactionof other women of faith women of all ages. Their support and encouragement helps me to maintain a healthy, happy life. Our life style is simple and fulfilling as we gather for prayer and Eucharist and spend time together when we are not engaged in ministry. At times, I experience the schedule as a disadvantage. For example, the individual sister does not choose the schedule for prayer and meals. The schedule is determined by everyone talking together and deciding what is best for the group life.

Why Great Men Do Not Become President Essay examples -- Elections Poli

Why Great Men Do Not Become President Over the course of history America has been electing the most popular not necessarily the best-qualified men as president. The office has become a strategic component vital to each political party. Parties sacrifice a great leader for the man that will win the most votes. History is a record of how we have always had had this practice. The office is full of corruption because money and influence run the presidency. The political leaders lie to the people that he is intended to serve. There are many overwhelming reasons that the best man is not always chosen for the job. They all inevitably stem down to the simple fact that a political party in order for its survival must have their candidate elected. In this struggle for dominance, qualities crucial to making a â€Å"great† leader are sacrificed in order to get votes. Location, religion occupation, and track record are all taken into consideration when choosing a candidate. Although these factors have no effect on how a leader will perform in office they are crucial factors in determining a candidate. Presidential candidates can best be described to a form of selective breeding. Similar to how farmers choose the best seeds to plant their crops each season to grow the most food, political parties choose the best candidates in the same respect. In order to survive and have their philosophy be heard in the American system of government, political parties must win elections. To ensure the best chances of winning an election they select the best â€Å"seeds.† Ultimately though sacrifices need to made to ensure a successful election. This is due to the simple fact that a bad president is better then no president in the eyes of ea... ...ar as the last election to be disproved. George W. Bush was a poster child for Republican America. He is not a great man in any sense of the word. Bush is not a genius or scholar. He did work to build himself up but was simply born into the Bush royalty. Just like royalty fittingly enough he was appointed president by having the right connections, image and of course, money. America needs a change from the current standard. We have had men in office who have lied cheated and stole from the very people that they are there to serve. Respect for the office is lost because of their actions. It is clear that corruption runs deep and is not a new addition to the White House. The discerning fact is that this may never change as long it takes money and image to win an election. American elections will always be more an election of popularity then of principle.

Principles of Business

The Development of Economic Activity Human Beings produce and consume goods and services from the resources in their environment. It is primarily for the reason that humans are called ECONOMIC ANIMAL, because he or she has the ability to use his or her hands and brain to satisfy his or her immediate personal needs. These are looked at as basic needs; these needs are food, shelter and clothing (Economic Activity). Economic Activity means activities which results in the satisfaction of needs.In order to satisfy these needs, man engaged in certain economic activity such as farming, fishing, hunting, trade form, women stay home. Direct Production/ Direct Satisfaction of Wants Direct Production really means that human beings provide all their needs for themselves and their family without the aid of others; in other words, they do not depend on others to provide. Indirect Production/ Indirect Satisfaction of Wants Indirect Production means that human beings exchange their surplus by barter with others; in other words, human beings depend on others to do things for them  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subsistence EconomySubsistence Economy – An economy which provide just enough to survive, but not to improve their way of life. BARTER SYSTEM Barter System is the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services without the use of money. ADVANTAGE OF BARTER SYSTEM * It allowed people to dispose of any surplus, they had at the same time obtain a variety of things they needed. * It enables persons to enjoy goods and services they could not produce. * Countries with foreign currency problems can get goods and services that they require. Countries that engage in trade can strengthen their political and cultural ties. DISADVANTAGE OF BARTER SYSTEM * Double or co-incidence of wants – No trade can take place unless there is double or co-incidence of wants; that is your trading partner has wh at you want and wants what you have. * Time Consumption – It could be challenging to find willing partners. * Spoilage – If an individual failed to find a suitable partner within a reasonable time ones wealth in goods could be destroyed. Unequal Exchange – There is the difficulty or unequal exchange where the values of some goods far outweigh the value of other goods. MONEY Money is any commodity that is generally acceptable and is used as a medium of exchange and as a measure of value CHARACTERISTICS OF MONEY * Acceptability – It must be readily acceptable by everyone * Durability – It should not wear out easily * Homogeneity – it features should be identical * Divisibility – Money should be able to be broken down into smaller units. Portability – It should be easy to carry around. FUNCTIONS OF MONEY * Medium of Exchange – Money makes the exchange of goods easier * Measure of Value – Money can be used to state pr ices of goods * Store of Value –   Money can be saved * Deferred Payment – Money can be earned at one time and spent at another. DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION Division of labour is sharing the work. The work is divided among persons and they specialize in doing their part of the process, specialization comes as a part of this. DIVISION OF LABOUR BY PRODUCTDivision of labour by product means people can do what they can do best in exchange for money and then using the money earned to buy the goods and services of others. DIVISION OF LABOUR BY PROCESS Division of labour by process means by organizing production into many stages workers become more specialized in their work and consequently they produce more. ADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION * Workers become more expert in their jobs * Jobs become simpler and easier to learn * Output per person increases * Machinery and automation can be used Workers can more easily change jobs * Unit cost are re duced DISADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION * Work can be tedious and boring thus resulting in poor worker motivation and the likelihood of a higher rate of absentism * Workers creativity is limited * Greater use of machinery can cause unemployment * Production can easily be stopped by strikes ECONOMIC SYSTEM Economic System refers to the method by which a nation or country plan to utilize its resources in order to achieve economic growth and to benefit its citizens. MAJOR ECONOMIC SYSTEMEvery country is given by an economic system as each system has to decide how to allocate its resources to meet the needs of the citizens. This is a problem because the worlds resources are limited in supply and mans wants are unlimited. The economic is therefore deciding how to best to share these scarce resources. The decision of what to produce or what choices to make from the limited resources available is influenced by the political situation within which the decision is made. I n order to share resources all economic must answer to all these problems. PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM FACE Limited Resources * Man wants are unlimited * Scarcity * How to share resources * Choice / decision No two countries are organized in the same way but they all have to solve three basic problems as follows * What should be produced? * How much to produce? * How is it to be produce? * Where is it to be produce? There are four different economic systems which answer the foregoing questions. * Subsistence Economy * Free Market Economy {Alternative name – Capitalists, Laissez-faire} * Controlled Economy {Alternative name – Collectivists, Communist, Command Control} * Mixed SUBSISTENCE ECONOMYA subsistence economy is one where there is little specialization and little trade. In such an economy people tend to live in family groups and grow most of their own food. Free Market Economy In a free market economy there is little or no government interference in the economy. It is based on the private ownership of the factors of production and the means of the distributing goods and services. Market forces are allowed to determine how resources are allocated. Examples of Free Market Economy is Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America and Hong Kong Advantages of Free market Economy Individuals are free to make choices as to what they want to produce, where they who they want to work for, what price they are going to charge for labour and also the price of their finished products * Customers can decide what to produce by influencing market prices * When consumers demands certain goods and services, they send messages to the producers who in turn will produce and meet the demands and thus satisfy the preference of consumers Disadvantages of Free market Economy * It encourages inequalities of wealth The more powerful businesses may buy out the smaller ones thus reducing competition * Wealthy people are more able to purchase and influence t he market than smaller ones * Companies may be tempted to restrict supplies to keep prices high Planned / Controlled / Collectivist Economy In a controlled economy all economic decisions are made by the government. The state decides what to produce, how it is to be produced and how it should be allocated to consumers; in other words, the state decides what the community needs and therefore demand is not influenced by the consumer.Examples of Controlled economies are Cuba and China. Advantages of Controlled Economy * State   control eliminates wasteful competition * The state will provide goods that private enterprise will be unwilling to provide * It is impossible for private monopolies to develop * The state ensures that the needs of the community are met Disadvantages of Controlled Economy * Free enterprise and competition are discouraged * Creativeness and efficiency are not encouraged MIXED ECONOMY Mixed economy is a combination of elements from free economy and a controlled e conomy.There is a public sector controlled by the government which provides goods and services that the state feels it can manage most efficiently and a private sector in which individuals risk capital in producing goods and services for profit. ADVANTAGES OF MIXED ECONOMY * Individuals have freedom of choice * Government can intervene to protect citizens from unfair monopoly * Both the private and public sector may unite in producing goods. DISADVANTAGES OF MIXED ECONOMY * It is possible for private monopolies to develop Too many government regulations may discourage persons from owning a business GLOBALIZATION Globalization can be seen as the intensification and spread of world wide social, economic, cultural and political relationships among countries. BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION * Provision of high quality goods and services at a cheaper rate which is achieved through economies of scale * In contributing to globalization firms not only provide goods and services economically but t hey also provide employment for people IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATIONThe impact of globalization has some adverse effect on small economies of the Caribbean. Large international firms that can produce high quality goods and services at a cheaper cost set challenges to small firms that are producing similar goods and services PRIMARY PRODUCTION Primary Production includes activity which takes the natural resources from the earth, that is the extraction of raw materials and the growing of food. Example Mining, fishing farming and forestry Secondary ProductionSecondary production involves manufacturing, processing and construction which transform raw materials into finish or semi-finished goods. Example baking, ship building and office construction. Tertiary Production Tertiary production includes the provision of serves example Hairdressing. PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR The private sector is that part of the economy that is owned and controlled by private individuals and firms. Funds for the es tablishment of private business operation are obtained through * Loans from Bank or Financial Institution * Personal Savings Financing from family and friends The public sector refers to business in the economy that are owned by government for the benefit of the public citizens. The main motive is to provide goods and services to benefit the country. Funds will mainly com from taxation. Private sector enterprise will involve in manufacturing, mining etc and they are able to produce or provide the services they wish but they must abide by rules and regulation establish by the government, on the other hand, the public sector relies on the private sector for taxation to maintain the operations of the country.In most Caribbean countries we say that there is a mixed economy because some businesses are privately owned and others are owned by the state ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE SECTOR TO A SOCIETY * Public Sector protects citizens from exploitation by powerful monopolies * Public sector provid es employment for many persons * Public sector contributes to the economic lives of the country PUBLIC BUSINESS UNDERTAKINGS Public Corporations: These are government or state owned businesses that are primarily run by Central government.Municipal Undertakings: These are government owned businesses that are run primarily by the Local Government. These include market, parks and beaches Government Undertakings: These departments carry out special functions such as education, health and finance REASONS FOR ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS * To earn a income * To make a profit- which is the result when a firm’s sales revenue is greater than its total costs. Profit is important because it enables business to survive and grow, it also provides the owner with a return for taking the risk of losing money they have invested. To provide employment to persons in and around the community * To expand production and increase the yearly sales of the firm * To produce a product that is either a good or service to the community * To have the satisfaction of being one’s own boss SOLE TRADERSHIP OR SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP The sole tradership or sole proprietorship is defined as a one man business, this is so because he or she enters business on his or her own, therefore bearing the risk of the business and thus entitled to all the profits.Even when the sole trader invites someone else to assist in the running of the business, these individuals would be employees. They do not share in ownership of the business and the owner is responsible for decisions made concerning the business. * Sole tradership is very easy to setup and operate. * It does not require any legal paperwork or registration. * Sole Trader is an unincorporated business, which means that the owner and business are one and same in the eyes of the law. This means that he conducts in his own name, his business is not separate from him. Sole Trader has unlimited liability which means that their personal assets can be clamed to settle the debts of their business that is why in the case of bankruptcy the sole trader stands to lose his/ her personal belongings, if the business assets cannot cover his/her debts. In order to finance the business the sole trader may: *   Use his personal savings to start the business. * The sole trader may also borrow funds from family members or friends. * The sole trader may also get funds from financial institution such as credit unions, commercial banks or government sources as the business progresses. The sole trader may also reinvest or plough back some of the profits made in the business. The sole Trader may sell ownership of his business to someone else. If he/she dies then the business no longer exists. ADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADER * The business is simple to start and usually requires only a small amount of capital * Profits are not shared * Decisions are made promptly and the new ideas put in place quickly * The owner retains personal control over the direct ion and growth of his/her business DISADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADER It is difficult to access capital if the sole trader wants to expand his business * The sole trader bears all the losses * The sole trader may have to work long hours and may not be able to take vacation when he wants to do so * Unlimited Liability , therefore in the case of bankruptcy he may lose his personal belongings to claim its debts * There is lack of continuity if the owner dies PARTNERSHIP An ordinary partnership is an association of two to twenty persons who are in business together with a view to earning a profit.This type of partnership may have general or active partners who are involved in the day to day operations of the business. A Sleeping partner is a partner who may be willing to introduce capital into a business but may not wish to take an active part in the running of the business In an ordinary partnership all partners have unlimited liability which means that they stand to lose not only their inve stment capital but also their personal assets. It is possible to have a limited partnership bit at least one partner mush accept unlimited liability.Partnership is formed amongst partners, partners may share in the management of the business or may serve as the manager or they may employ someone to manage the business Partners are free to decide whatever arrangement they like amongst themselves as to what rules will govern their organization. Partners have a written arrangement or deed. A partnership deed sets out the rights of each partner as to the division of profits. The deed sets out: * The name of the business and the date the business started * The type of business and the location of the business Details of each partner * The amount of capital each partner invested * How profits to be shared * The responsibility of each partner in the business In financing a partnership business all partners pool their savings together, loans and retained. Profits are shared by the deed draw n up by the partners, the absence of the deed means that profits are shared equally. In a partnership all partners are held personally responsible for all debts of the business. If one partner cannot fulfill his obligations then the other partner will bear all the losses. A partnership may be terminated: When partner or partners decide to sell their share of the partnership to someone else. When this occurs a new partners are brought in. * If it becomes insolvent or bankrupt * When all parties agree to terminate the business ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP * It is easy to form as there are few legal formalities * More capital is available to foster growth and development. * Workload can be shared amongst partners DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP * If a partner makes a mistake all partners stand to lose * Each partner is liable for the debts of the business * Possible disagreements between partners Membership limit of twenty which restricts resources of the business CO-OPERATIVES A cooperative is a form of business that is owned and controlled by a group of persons who have a common interest and who have an equal say in operation. Types of Cooperatives * Producer Cooperative: In this type of cooperative society members are in their business of producing example in a farming community * Buyers Cooperatives: This is a type of cooperative in which persons who use a particular good in their business operations come together to purchase that good in large quantities and gain benefits of discounts. Financial Cooperatives: This is a service oriented society. It brings together persons who have a common interest. The aim is for members to pool their resources in the provision of service * Workers Cooperative: Are businesses that are owned and run by their own workforces. Example the crews of a bus company Cooperative is governed by a general meeting. The meeting is held annually and it is at this meeting that a committee is appointed to handle the day to day affairs of the coope rative.The cooperative is controlled by its members. Each member contributes to share capital of the cooperative. Members finance the cooperative through the purchase of shares Shareholders receives dividends if the cooperative makes a profit from its operation. The amount of dividend is related to the number of shares held. Dividends are generally small, since the major goal is not to make a profit but to provide a service to its members. Earnings from a cooperative are not totally consumed in the payment of dividend.Most of these are ploughed back into the cooperatives to finance operational needs identified by the members. ADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES * Members benefit from the pooling of funds for the purpose of lending to other members * Members have equal say in the operation of business as well as in the decision making of the cooperatives * Members are the owners of the cooperative society * Employment is created within the organization DISADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES * Profit s may be small or non existent * Shortage or lack of capital may inhibit growth and cause problems Principles of Business The Development of Economic Activity Human Beings produce and consume goods and services from the resources in their environment. It is primarily for the reason that humans are called ECONOMIC ANIMAL, because he or she has the ability to use his or her hands and brain to satisfy his or her immediate personal needs. These are looked at as basic needs; these needs are food, shelter and clothing (Economic Activity). Economic Activity means activities which results in the satisfaction of needs.In order to satisfy these needs, man engaged in certain economic activity such as farming, fishing, hunting, trade form, women stay home. Direct Production/ Direct Satisfaction of Wants Direct Production really means that human beings provide all their needs for themselves and their family without the aid of others; in other words, they do not depend on others to provide. Indirect Production/ Indirect Satisfaction of Wants Indirect Production means that human beings exchange their surplus by barter with others; in other words, human beings depend on others to do things for them  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subsistence EconomySubsistence Economy – An economy which provide just enough to survive, but not to improve their way of life. BARTER SYSTEM Barter System is the exchange of goods or services for other goods and services without the use of money. ADVANTAGE OF BARTER SYSTEM * It allowed people to dispose of any surplus, they had at the same time obtain a variety of things they needed. * It enables persons to enjoy goods and services they could not produce. * Countries with foreign currency problems can get goods and services that they require. Countries that engage in trade can strengthen their political and cultural ties. DISADVANTAGE OF BARTER SYSTEM * Double or co-incidence of wants – No trade can take place unless there is double or co-incidence of wants; that is your trading partner has wh at you want and wants what you have. * Time Consumption – It could be challenging to find willing partners. * Spoilage – If an individual failed to find a suitable partner within a reasonable time ones wealth in goods could be destroyed. Unequal Exchange – There is the difficulty or unequal exchange where the values of some goods far outweigh the value of other goods. MONEY Money is any commodity that is generally acceptable and is used as a medium of exchange and as a measure of value CHARACTERISTICS OF MONEY * Acceptability – It must be readily acceptable by everyone * Durability – It should not wear out easily * Homogeneity – it features should be identical * Divisibility – Money should be able to be broken down into smaller units. Portability – It should be easy to carry around. FUNCTIONS OF MONEY * Medium of Exchange – Money makes the exchange of goods easier * Measure of Value – Money can be used to state pr ices of goods * Store of Value –   Money can be saved * Deferred Payment – Money can be earned at one time and spent at another. DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION Division of labour is sharing the work. The work is divided among persons and they specialize in doing their part of the process, specialization comes as a part of this. DIVISION OF LABOUR BY PRODUCTDivision of labour by product means people can do what they can do best in exchange for money and then using the money earned to buy the goods and services of others. DIVISION OF LABOUR BY PROCESS Division of labour by process means by organizing production into many stages workers become more specialized in their work and consequently they produce more. ADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION * Workers become more expert in their jobs * Jobs become simpler and easier to learn * Output per person increases * Machinery and automation can be used Workers can more easily change jobs * Unit cost are re duced DISADVANTAGES OF DIVISION OF LABOUR OR SPECIALIZATION * Work can be tedious and boring thus resulting in poor worker motivation and the likelihood of a higher rate of absentism * Workers creativity is limited * Greater use of machinery can cause unemployment * Production can easily be stopped by strikes ECONOMIC SYSTEM Economic System refers to the method by which a nation or country plan to utilize its resources in order to achieve economic growth and to benefit its citizens. MAJOR ECONOMIC SYSTEMEvery country is given by an economic system as each system has to decide how to allocate its resources to meet the needs of the citizens. This is a problem because the worlds resources are limited in supply and mans wants are unlimited. The economic is therefore deciding how to best to share these scarce resources. The decision of what to produce or what choices to make from the limited resources available is influenced by the political situation within which the decision is made. I n order to share resources all economic must answer to all these problems. PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEM FACE Limited Resources * Man wants are unlimited * Scarcity * How to share resources * Choice / decision No two countries are organized in the same way but they all have to solve three basic problems as follows * What should be produced? * How much to produce? * How is it to be produce? * Where is it to be produce? There are four different economic systems which answer the foregoing questions. * Subsistence Economy * Free Market Economy {Alternative name – Capitalists, Laissez-faire} * Controlled Economy {Alternative name – Collectivists, Communist, Command Control} * Mixed SUBSISTENCE ECONOMYA subsistence economy is one where there is little specialization and little trade. In such an economy people tend to live in family groups and grow most of their own food. Free Market Economy In a free market economy there is little or no government interference in the economy. It is based on the private ownership of the factors of production and the means of the distributing goods and services. Market forces are allowed to determine how resources are allocated. Examples of Free Market Economy is Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America and Hong Kong Advantages of Free market Economy Individuals are free to make choices as to what they want to produce, where they who they want to work for, what price they are going to charge for labour and also the price of their finished products * Customers can decide what to produce by influencing market prices * When consumers demands certain goods and services, they send messages to the producers who in turn will produce and meet the demands and thus satisfy the preference of consumers Disadvantages of Free market Economy * It encourages inequalities of wealth The more powerful businesses may buy out the smaller ones thus reducing competition * Wealthy people are more able to purchase and influence t he market than smaller ones * Companies may be tempted to restrict supplies to keep prices high Planned / Controlled / Collectivist Economy In a controlled economy all economic decisions are made by the government. The state decides what to produce, how it is to be produced and how it should be allocated to consumers; in other words, the state decides what the community needs and therefore demand is not influenced by the consumer.Examples of Controlled economies are Cuba and China. Advantages of Controlled Economy * State   control eliminates wasteful competition * The state will provide goods that private enterprise will be unwilling to provide * It is impossible for private monopolies to develop * The state ensures that the needs of the community are met Disadvantages of Controlled Economy * Free enterprise and competition are discouraged * Creativeness and efficiency are not encouraged MIXED ECONOMY Mixed economy is a combination of elements from free economy and a controlled e conomy.There is a public sector controlled by the government which provides goods and services that the state feels it can manage most efficiently and a private sector in which individuals risk capital in producing goods and services for profit. ADVANTAGES OF MIXED ECONOMY * Individuals have freedom of choice * Government can intervene to protect citizens from unfair monopoly * Both the private and public sector may unite in producing goods. DISADVANTAGES OF MIXED ECONOMY * It is possible for private monopolies to develop Too many government regulations may discourage persons from owning a business GLOBALIZATION Globalization can be seen as the intensification and spread of world wide social, economic, cultural and political relationships among countries. BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION * Provision of high quality goods and services at a cheaper rate which is achieved through economies of scale * In contributing to globalization firms not only provide goods and services economically but t hey also provide employment for people IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATIONThe impact of globalization has some adverse effect on small economies of the Caribbean. Large international firms that can produce high quality goods and services at a cheaper cost set challenges to small firms that are producing similar goods and services PRIMARY PRODUCTION Primary Production includes activity which takes the natural resources from the earth, that is the extraction of raw materials and the growing of food. Example Mining, fishing farming and forestry Secondary ProductionSecondary production involves manufacturing, processing and construction which transform raw materials into finish or semi-finished goods. Example baking, ship building and office construction. Tertiary Production Tertiary production includes the provision of serves example Hairdressing. PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR The private sector is that part of the economy that is owned and controlled by private individuals and firms. Funds for the es tablishment of private business operation are obtained through * Loans from Bank or Financial Institution * Personal Savings Financing from family and friends The public sector refers to business in the economy that are owned by government for the benefit of the public citizens. The main motive is to provide goods and services to benefit the country. Funds will mainly com from taxation. Private sector enterprise will involve in manufacturing, mining etc and they are able to produce or provide the services they wish but they must abide by rules and regulation establish by the government, on the other hand, the public sector relies on the private sector for taxation to maintain the operations of the country.In most Caribbean countries we say that there is a mixed economy because some businesses are privately owned and others are owned by the state ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE SECTOR TO A SOCIETY * Public Sector protects citizens from exploitation by powerful monopolies * Public sector provid es employment for many persons * Public sector contributes to the economic lives of the country PUBLIC BUSINESS UNDERTAKINGS Public Corporations: These are government or state owned businesses that are primarily run by Central government.Municipal Undertakings: These are government owned businesses that are run primarily by the Local Government. These include market, parks and beaches Government Undertakings: These departments carry out special functions such as education, health and finance REASONS FOR ESTABLISHING A BUSINESS * To earn a income * To make a profit- which is the result when a firm’s sales revenue is greater than its total costs. Profit is important because it enables business to survive and grow, it also provides the owner with a return for taking the risk of losing money they have invested. To provide employment to persons in and around the community * To expand production and increase the yearly sales of the firm * To produce a product that is either a good or service to the community * To have the satisfaction of being one’s own boss SOLE TRADERSHIP OR SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP The sole tradership or sole proprietorship is defined as a one man business, this is so because he or she enters business on his or her own, therefore bearing the risk of the business and thus entitled to all the profits.Even when the sole trader invites someone else to assist in the running of the business, these individuals would be employees. They do not share in ownership of the business and the owner is responsible for decisions made concerning the business. * Sole tradership is very easy to setup and operate. * It does not require any legal paperwork or registration. * Sole Trader is an unincorporated business, which means that the owner and business are one and same in the eyes of the law. This means that he conducts in his own name, his business is not separate from him. Sole Trader has unlimited liability which means that their personal assets can be clamed to settle the debts of their business that is why in the case of bankruptcy the sole trader stands to lose his/ her personal belongings, if the business assets cannot cover his/her debts. In order to finance the business the sole trader may: *   Use his personal savings to start the business. * The sole trader may also borrow funds from family members or friends. * The sole trader may also get funds from financial institution such as credit unions, commercial banks or government sources as the business progresses. The sole trader may also reinvest or plough back some of the profits made in the business. The sole Trader may sell ownership of his business to someone else. If he/she dies then the business no longer exists. ADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADER * The business is simple to start and usually requires only a small amount of capital * Profits are not shared * Decisions are made promptly and the new ideas put in place quickly * The owner retains personal control over the direct ion and growth of his/her business DISADVANTAGES OF SOLE TRADER It is difficult to access capital if the sole trader wants to expand his business * The sole trader bears all the losses * The sole trader may have to work long hours and may not be able to take vacation when he wants to do so * Unlimited Liability , therefore in the case of bankruptcy he may lose his personal belongings to claim its debts * There is lack of continuity if the owner dies PARTNERSHIP An ordinary partnership is an association of two to twenty persons who are in business together with a view to earning a profit.This type of partnership may have general or active partners who are involved in the day to day operations of the business. A Sleeping partner is a partner who may be willing to introduce capital into a business but may not wish to take an active part in the running of the business In an ordinary partnership all partners have unlimited liability which means that they stand to lose not only their inve stment capital but also their personal assets. It is possible to have a limited partnership bit at least one partner mush accept unlimited liability.Partnership is formed amongst partners, partners may share in the management of the business or may serve as the manager or they may employ someone to manage the business Partners are free to decide whatever arrangement they like amongst themselves as to what rules will govern their organization. Partners have a written arrangement or deed. A partnership deed sets out the rights of each partner as to the division of profits. The deed sets out: * The name of the business and the date the business started * The type of business and the location of the business Details of each partner * The amount of capital each partner invested * How profits to be shared * The responsibility of each partner in the business In financing a partnership business all partners pool their savings together, loans and retained. Profits are shared by the deed draw n up by the partners, the absence of the deed means that profits are shared equally. In a partnership all partners are held personally responsible for all debts of the business. If one partner cannot fulfill his obligations then the other partner will bear all the losses. A partnership may be terminated: When partner or partners decide to sell their share of the partnership to someone else. When this occurs a new partners are brought in. * If it becomes insolvent or bankrupt * When all parties agree to terminate the business ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP * It is easy to form as there are few legal formalities * More capital is available to foster growth and development. * Workload can be shared amongst partners DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP * If a partner makes a mistake all partners stand to lose * Each partner is liable for the debts of the business * Possible disagreements between partners Membership limit of twenty which restricts resources of the business CO-OPERATIVES A cooperative is a form of business that is owned and controlled by a group of persons who have a common interest and who have an equal say in operation. Types of Cooperatives * Producer Cooperative: In this type of cooperative society members are in their business of producing example in a farming community * Buyers Cooperatives: This is a type of cooperative in which persons who use a particular good in their business operations come together to purchase that good in large quantities and gain benefits of discounts. Financial Cooperatives: This is a service oriented society. It brings together persons who have a common interest. The aim is for members to pool their resources in the provision of service * Workers Cooperative: Are businesses that are owned and run by their own workforces. Example the crews of a bus company Cooperative is governed by a general meeting. The meeting is held annually and it is at this meeting that a committee is appointed to handle the day to day affairs of the coope rative.The cooperative is controlled by its members. Each member contributes to share capital of the cooperative. Members finance the cooperative through the purchase of shares Shareholders receives dividends if the cooperative makes a profit from its operation. The amount of dividend is related to the number of shares held. Dividends are generally small, since the major goal is not to make a profit but to provide a service to its members. Earnings from a cooperative are not totally consumed in the payment of dividend.Most of these are ploughed back into the cooperatives to finance operational needs identified by the members. ADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES * Members benefit from the pooling of funds for the purpose of lending to other members * Members have equal say in the operation of business as well as in the decision making of the cooperatives * Members are the owners of the cooperative society * Employment is created within the organization DISADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES * Profit s may be small or non existent * Shortage or lack of capital may inhibit growth and cause problems

Observation Essay

Asian game was running in Inches. Since my friend from Hong Kong Is one of the representatives for Hong Kong girl squash team, and I wanted to watch any of the Aslant game matches, therefore, I chose to watch squash competition at last. It was on the 24th September. The competition was held in Hourly Squash Court. I took the wrong line of the subway since it was quite far from SHCOON and still, I was not too familiar with the subway system. As I interchanged station In Guru to Donnas of blue line 1, I saw a slight difference for people In the train from the milliamp green line 2.There were more elderly In the train. I was surprised to be asked to sit down by a kind lady. I felt like people have warmer hospitality than those from the city centre. After I entered the competition venue, I sit in front of the court that Hong Kong was playing with China. There were a few spectators as I expected. As know, squash is not a popular sport among all so it is really common to have a few spectat ors. There were 4 courts undergoing competitions In the venue. I looked around and I was shocked to see at the middle of the venue, there were full of people.I was wondering if the game was exciting so I walked towards that court. It was hard to get there because there were really a lot of people. Even the staffs heading there to see the game. I finally found a space. It was the women game which South Korea versus Japan and the score was even. I was really shocked by the full house spectators. Most of them are Korean and what surprised me most Is that many of them got banners or cheering tools. They yelled the cheering songs and slogans loudly to support the Korean team. At the same time, my Hong Kong friend had finished the game and came to me.She as also attracted by the loud cheering sound and was curious about the people. She said, â€Å"It would be so good If Hong Kong would ever have so many people supporting me. † I asked, † Would there ever be that many people w atching squash game In Hong Kong? ‘ she answered, † Even If there Is many spectators, they would never bring banners and cheer together loudly! † It was a tight game. Both Japanese and Korean players were well trained and passionate to win. I was amazed by Koreans passion to support the national team because when I went out of the venue to another venue, I could still hear their cheering sound.Korea finally won the game. After the game, there were so many questions pop-up In my mind. The first question is why is Korean so passionate to cheer for the team? I have come up with this question because squash is really not a popular sport and especially for women's match, it is not exciting as the men's. I have think of some possible answers. Firstly, since South Korea is the host country of the Asian game, people are proud and so they put their effort in supporting the team. Secondly, because the match was battling with Japan, which Is a country who always has rivalries with Korea, so Korean Observation essay I came across this situation between a Chills employee and a guest. I walked in through the to-go area, to pick up an order. As I approached the register I noticed a lady just standing there on her cell phone ignoring the to-go specialist. Since she was there before I was I kindly waited till she spoke to the young man. I heard him say repetitively welcome to chills† in the most friendliest tone ever. The lady was standing with her one hand on her hip and continued to have her conversation on her phone. The young man opened the register and began to count the money InsideIt. After he called her once again welcoming her, but at this point he was a bit agitated and you could tell within his voice. The women finally hung up her phone, yet still made no eye contact with the young man. She looked around the area grabbed a to-go menu, while glancing she said her name and was wondering why her order was taking so long. Already frustrated with the phone call she Just had, she just deci ded to take It out on the young man. Blaming him for getting her food late. According to her it was horrible service.Aggravatingly yelling â€Å"where Is your anger, I demand to speak to him! † with her hands in his face. He calmly said â€Å"yes ma'am, Ill go ahead and call him over here. † The manager approached both of them and asked what the problem was. The women went off saying he was rude because he ignored her presence, never welcomed her, nor asked for her name. Rolling her eyes claiming the employee was on his cell phone, testing people instead of doing his lob. The Chills manager apologized and to please the guest he gave the women a discount as well.After everything was taken care of she put on her black sunglasses ND as she was walking away she turned around and impolitely told the employee â€Å"thank for the horrible experience! † When I went up for my order I made sure I helped the young man clear his name. He did his Job, and he did it very well . The woman was obviously already in a bad mood as she walked into the restaurant, maybe she was having a bad day and that one phone call did not help. For her to take out her anger on a complete stranger is Just not right. Observation essay By bind lady Just standing there on her cell phone ignoring the to-go specialist.Since she was ere phone. The young man opened the register and began to count the money inside it. After he called her once again welcoming her, but at this point he was a bit she Just decided to take it out on the young man. Blaming him for getting her food late, according to her it was horrible service. Aggravatingly yelling â€Å"where is your ma'am, I'll go ahead and call him over here. † The manager approached both of them job. The Chills manager apologized and to please the guest he gave the women a â€Å"thank you for the horrible experience! † When I went up for my order I made sure I

Why Your Resume Was Thrown in the Trash

Why Your Resume Was Thrown in the Trash We’ve all been there. Proactively firing resumes into the void, uploading and submitting them to job after job, hiring manager after hiring manager, and getting no response. If you’re wasting a whole lot of time and bait and not getting any nibbles, double check that you’re not making any of the following rookie resume mistakes.1. Aiming too highAmbition and confidence are both great qualities, and necessary to succeed. But part of the job search process is knowing which category of job you’re qualified for. You’re allowed to stretch for the top branches, but you want to make sure you’re not in the forest trying to stretch up all the way to Mars.Send resumes to jobs within your current qualification and experience bracket, then a few tiers above. Recruiters will take your resume more seriously.2. Inattention to formattingThis doesn’t even mean your indents are inconsistent. This means they specifically asked for .pdf or .rtf and you su bmitted a .docx. It seems like such a small detail, but sometimes different formats are incompatible with certain systems. You’ll be asking the recruiter to do an annoying bit of extra work before they even open your resume and, probably, they won’t.3. It’s pretty, but it doesn’t say muchYou’ve designed your resume to the hilt. It’s a work of modernist art. Up on all the latest trends. Complete with snazzy infographics. But if your recruiter can’t get the basic information needed to assess your skills and experience, you’re sunk. Make it clear, concise, and accessible. Stylishness within those parameters is gravy.4. Language and grammar  mistakesYou didn’t spell check, you didn’t proofread. You didn’t even make sure you used the same font. You misspelled â€Å"cadndidate.† The recruiter is hitting delete so fast, you won’t even know which particular error was the culprit. Pay attention to th ese details. It will be glaringly obvious if you don’t.5. Too many multi-syllabicsThey’re assuming you passed your SAT. You don’t need to throw every fancy word from your old standardized test study guides at them. Stick to clear language that correctly conveys what you need them to know.6. DishonestyDon’t lie. Period. You will get caught eventually. Even if you make it past the resume screening process to the interview. Even if you get hired. Be honest about where you’ve worked and what you know, and don’t try to sweeten anything up beyond the realm of truth.7. You’re too persistentPlay a little hard to get. Calling every three hours to ask whether your resume has been received will only annoy the hiring manager. Rather than nudge them to get to your resume faster, this will likely backfire and send it straight to the trash.8. You’re too muchDid you send flowers or chocolate? A singing telegram? Include a headshot for a job th at doesn’t need one? Write an honest, but slightly desperate note about why you want an interview so badly? Send one too many weirdo signals and you’ll end up in the weirdo pile. Stay professional.9. You oversharedThere are a ton of resume creation aides online. Bottom line: you need to include your name, your contact information, and a chronological list of your work and education history, plus any relevant skills or certifications. You do not want to include your birthday, favorite color, personal information, race, sexual orientation, or your membership in political groups. You’ll only look like you don’t know what you’re doing. And you might even offend someone. Stick to the basics.

How to Prevent a Shark Attack

How to Prevent a Shark Attack Even though youre more likely to die from a lightning strike, alligator attack or on a bicycle than from a shark attack, sharks do sometimes bite humans. In this article, you can learn about the actual risk of a shark attack, and how to avoid one.​ The International Shark Attack File The International Shark Attack  File  was developed in the late 1950s to compile information on shark attacks. Sharks attacks may be provoked or unprovoked. According to the International Shark Attack File, provoked attacks are those that happen when a person initiates contact with a shark (e.g., bites occurring to a fisherman removing a shark from a hook, a bite to a diver that has touched a shark). Unprovoked attacks are those that occur in the sharks natural habitat when a human has not initiated contact. Some of these may be if the shark mistakes a human for prey. Over the years, records of unprovoked attacks have increased - in 2015, there were 98 unprovoked shark attacks (6 fatal), which is the highest on record. This doesnt mean sharks are attacking more often. It  is more a function of increased human population and activity in the water (visiting the beach, increase in participation in scuba, paddle boarding, surfing activities, etc.), and the ease of reporting shark bites. Given the large increase in human population and ocean use over the years, the rate of shark attacks is decreasing. The top 3 attacking shark species were the white, tiger and bull sharks. Where Do Shark Attacks Occur? Just because youre swimming in the ocean doesnt mean you may be attacked by a shark. In many areas, large sharks dont come close to shore. The regions with the highest percentage of shark attacks were Florida, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Hawaii, and California. These are also regions where lots of people visit the beaches and participate in water activities. According to  The Shark Handbook, most shark bites occur to swimmers, followed by surfers and divers, but the majority of these bites are minor flesh wounds or abrasions. Ways to Prevent Shark Attacks There are many ways (most of them common-sense) that you can avoid a shark attack. Below is a list of what not to do if youll be swimming in waters where sharks might be present, and techniques for getting away alive if a shark attack really does happen. How to Avoid a Shark Attack: Dont swim alone.Dont swim during dark or twilight hours.Dont swim with shiny jewelry.Dont swim if you have an open wound.Dont swim too far offshore.Ladies: dont swim if youre menstruating.Dont splash excessively or make erratic movements.Keep pets out of the water.Dont swim in areas where there are sewage (for other obvious reasons!) or pinnipeds that are hauled-out. Both areas can attract sharks.Dont swim in areas being used by fishermen, as their bait could attract sharks.Dont push your luck - never harass a shark. Get out of the water if one is spotted and never attempt to grab or touch it. What to Do If Youre Attacked: Lets hope youve followed safety advice and successfully avoided an attack. But what do you do if you suspect a sharks in the area or you are being attacked? If you feel something brush against you, get out of the water. According to an article from National Geographic, many shark bite victims dont feel any pain. And sharks may strike more than once.If you are attacked, the number one rule  is do whatever it takes to get away. Possibilities include yelling underwater, blowing bubbles, and punching the sharks nose, eye or gills and then leaving the area before the shark strikes again. Protecting Sharks Although shark attacks are a horrific topic, in reality, many more sharks are killed by humans each year. Healthy shark populations are crucial to maintaining balance in the ocean, and sharks need our protection. References and Additional Information: Burgess, George H. 2011. ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark. (Online). FL Museum of Natural History. Accessed January 30, 2012.Burgess, George H. 2009. ISAF 2008 Worldwide Shark Attack Summary (Online). FL Museum of Natural History. Accessed February 5, 2010.Burgess, George H. 1998. Just for Kids: How to Avoid a Shark Attack Reprinted with permission from The Kids How to Do (Almost) Everything Guide, Monday Morning Books, Palo Alto, California. Accessed February 5, 2010.ISAF. 2009. International Shark Attack File. (Online). FL Museum of Natural History. Accessed February 5, 2010.Skomal, G. 2008. The Shark Handbook. Cider Mill Press Book Publishers: Kennebunkport, ME. 278pp.

Assessing The Impact Of Saudi Aramcos Appraisal System On Its Essay

Assessing The Impact Of Saudi Aramcos Appraisal System On Its Employees' Morale And Performanc - Essay Example Human Resource Department also noticed that almost all non-Saudi employees resign once they receive better jobs offer. In light of Industrial Security letter and Human Resources findings, it is clear that the employees’ commitment and morale is at unprecedentedly low level and as a result, Saudi Aramco management’s new challenge is to motivate, recognize, increase self-belonging and reward their employees properly to ensure their optimum productivity. The lack of commitment and interest to work is attributed by many, to the employees’ â€Å"below expectation† appraisals and rewards although, the current appraisal system has been used since 2003 and hence it is considered as fairly new appraisal system. This research is intended to provide Saudi Aramco’s management with sufficient reasoning on how vital the current appraisal system can be on the success of the company and its employees. Saudi Aramco’s appraisal and reward systems are based on two components: †¢ A Performance Management Program (PMP) that utilizes a five-categories rating scale in apprising their employees. †¢ A multi stage forced ranking criteria. The old appraisal system was a simple word document filled by the supervisor that contains tasks completed, strength areas, and weakness areas, development areas. To overcome the many disadvantages of the old system, Saudi Aramco shifted to a Performance Management Program (PMP).... The PMP, according to the company; is a continuous, three-phase cycle of planning, managing, and reviewing performance. Within each phase, the supervisor and the employee will both have responsibilities. PMP is not something to be done to employees, it is an activity undertaken with employees. It is a partnership. The Performance Management Program (PMP) is designed to: Improve the performance of Aramco and its employees. Enable supervisors and employees to plan and review performance. Provide a forum for career planning discussions. Figure 1: PMP process The PMP utilizes a five-categories rating scale ranging from â€Å"S† which is significantly exceeds job requirements to â€Å"D† which is dissatisfactory performance. Each of the five-categories has a range of annual salary increase percentages for example; â€Å"S† category ranges from (9-11%) increase while â€Å"M† which is meeting job requirements ranges from (2-4%) increase. An employee’s per formance is being measured by the supervisor against some competences and goals accomplished during the year (Murphy & Cleveland, 1995). Then, the general supervisor meets with his supervisors where they start discussing and defending their employees having in mind that the stronger the supervisor is the greater the chance that the employee will get a satisfactory appraisal rating. Once this stage is completed, the manager meets with his general supervisors to discuss and approve their employees rating. Again, the stronger the general supervisor is, the greater the chance that the employees will get a satisfactory appraisal rating. Figure 2: Rating Factors 1.2. Problem Statement: Evaluation of an individual work performance as a formal management procedure is

Nestle Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nestle - Term Paper Example UAE is one of the most prospective countries for potential investors. The study will also focus on the key investment opportunities in UAE and the significance of the location chosen. The study will also suggest Nestle the appropriate mode of entering a particular country. The study will conclude with an overview of the study. 2.0 Introduction Nestle is one of the world’s leading nutrition, wellness and health company. It is a multinational company which is headquartered in Vevley, Switzerland. The company was formed in the year 1905 by the merger between two companies Anglo Swiss Milk company which was founded by Charles and George Page and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle which was founded by Henri Nestle in the year 1866 (Nestle, 2013b). Nestle has a strong presence in 83 countries (Nestle, 2013d) and has a brand portfolio that covers almost all food and beverage categories; baby food, bottled water, cereal, chocolate and confectionery, coffee, dairy, drinks, health care nutritio n, ice cream, pet care and weight management. The company is a market leader in various categories like coffee, baby food cereal etc. (Nestle, 2013c). The company founder Henri Nestle was the first individual to manufacture the milk food products for the newly born babies and till now the company is the market leader in baby milk cereal. The corporate goal of the company is based on the innovation and knowledge management which involves collection, utilizing the collected information, innovation and knowledge resources for attaining the corporate goals and objectives of the company. Nestle aims at enhancing the lives of the consumers by providing good quality food and beverages that are tasty and also nutritious. Nestle Nutrition is a global organization developed by Nestle to strengthen their core nutrition business. This organization was developed by Nestle to deliver superior performance by offering nutritious products and services based on scientific research and development (Sn ipppapers, 2009). Nestle had also created the Corporate Wellness unit to integrate nutritional value added in their food and beverage category (Snipppapers, 2009). Nestle is one of the fewest companies to offer a digitalized virtual tour in their shopping centers in United Kingdom and USA (Nestle, 2013a). The shopping center was established to demonstrate how consumers behave while shopping their products. 2.1 International Expansion Globalization has become an integral and prominent part of the economic life and provides companies with huge opportunities and challenges. International expansion has become a strategic response to the global economic dynamics for a large number of companies. International expansion will provide opportunities to the companies to expand on a global scale and exploit the benefits of internalization like scope, learning, economies of scale etc. Nestle offers a varied range of edible products and targets consumers of all ages. The company has gradually est ablished its presence worldwide and has successfully acquired various other companies in different countries to develop a strong footing in those countries. In the year 2003 Nestle acquired Dreyers a leading USA ice cream manufacturing company and Movenpick a leading German ice cream manufac